Financial services see two years of falling optimism, but activity hold up moderately - CBI/PwC

The quarterly survey of 92 firms found that optimism about the overall business situation in the financial services sector fell significantly, having declined in seven out of the last eight quarters. However, the subdued mood last quarter was not universal: while banks, building societies and general insurers were decidedly less positive than three months earlier, finance houses, life insurers and investment managers felt more optimistic.

Growth in overall business volumes slowed for a second consecutive quarter, though conditions varied across the financial services sector. Volumes were unchanged in banking, following two quarterly increases. Building societies reported that volumes rebounded, after falling in the previous quarter. Meanwhile, providers of specialist finance, life and general insurance, and investment management continued to report robust demand growth. Looking ahead, overall business volumes are expected to pick up a little over the coming three months, with a similarly mixed picture across sectors. 

2018 brings several challenges for the financial services sector. Most striking is Brexit, with virtually all firms viewing the impact of Brexit uncertainty as the most serious threat to the UK’s position as a leading global financial centre. Companies are also concerned about other areas that threaten the UK’s global competitiveness, with half citing the perception that the quality of the UK’s physical and digital infrastructure lagged behind other advanced economies, and around a third pointing to an increasingly complex tax regime and the gold-plating of international standards.

Rain Newton-Smith, CBI Chief Economist, said:

“With overall business levels seen as broadly typical, and demand and profitability continuing to expand, the financial services sector ended last year on a stable footing.

“Scratch the surface, however, and a different story is revealed. Optimism in parts of the sector has been falling for the last two years, whilst firms are nearly unanimous in voicing their concern about the damaging impact of Brexit uncertainty and the need for the UK to remain a vibrant centre of FinTech and innovation. To restore some confidence, financial services firms absolutely must – no ifs, no buts – get as much certainty as possible on what the UK is aiming for in the Brexit negotiations, the opportunities of success and the consequences of failure. 

“The never-ending burden of regulatory changes is slowly sucking the life out of financial services firms, and has repercussions far beyond the Square Mile. It puts a dent in the wider economy by acting as a drag on productivity, and consequently, living standards. 

“A thorough assessment needs to be carried out to identify those regulations that deliver clear economic benefits and that should be carried forward, while pressing the pause button on those where the benefits for financial stability relative to the cost on the wider economy are uncertain.”

Andrew Kail, Head of Financial Services at PwC, said:

“The UK is set to leave the EU exactly 14 months from today. A transition period is likely, but ultimately the financial services sector - a critical part of the economy - must prepare itself to operate without membership of this key trading market. The industry will need to take positive action if it is to preserve its trading status and business model. There is much activity in boardrooms despite the question mark over trade negotiation outcomes. In the coming months we can expect to see more detail on companies’ updated contingency planning.

“However, Brexit is just one of the issues the UK financial services sector is grappling with. Investing heavily in technology to improve efficiency and the customer experience, preserving profitability in light of falling margins, and regulatory demands such as Open Banking and PSD2, Mifid II and GDPR are also high on the agenda. How the industry deals with this myriad of challenges will be pivotal to future success. 

“Against this backdrop, businesses are actively thinking about their workforce needs for the future. Focusing on the attributes, skills and number of employees they will require to be successful in the years ahead is now a key strategic issue.” 

Profits in the sector as a whole continued to improve, although at a pace significantly below expectations, and growth in profits is generally expected to remain similar in the three months ahead.

Employment dipped, having stagnated in the previous quarter, with firms planning to keep headcount stable in the three months to March. 

Looking to the year ahead, financial services firms continue to plan for higher spending on marketing and IT, but expect to cut back in other areas of capital spending. Efficiency improvements remained the most important driver of investment, though the share of firms looking to expand capacity also rose. The main brake on investment spending remains inadequate net returns, with citations well above average and rising to the highest since 2015. 

Similarly, three-quarters of firms saw the level of demand as a brake on business expansion, the highest share in over two years. Alongside this, a similar number saw statutory legislation and regulation as a constraint on business expansion. Meanwhile, the importance of new products and services to business expansion in the year has diminished, with growth strategies becoming more focussed on acquiring new customers, aided by a focus on sales and distribution.

Key findings:

• Optimism in the financial services sector dropped noticeably, the seventh quarter of declining sentiment in the last eight quarters (the exception was the first quarter of 2017, when sentiment was flat). This marks the longest period of falling sentiment since the global financial crisis of 2008
• 13% of firms said they were more optimistic about the overall business situation compared with three months ago, whilst 35% were less optimistic, giving a balance of -22% (compared with -6% in the quarter to September)
• 19% of firms said that business volumes were up, while 12% said they were down, giving a balance of +7% (down from +13 in the quarter to September)
• Looking ahead to the quarter to March, growth in business volumes is expected to pick up somewhat: 17% of firms expect volumes to rise next quarter, and 3% expect them to fall, giving a balance of +14%.

Incomes, costs and profits:

• Overall profitability improved slightly in the three months to December, with 25% of firms reporting that profits had increased and 10% saying they fell, giving a balance of +15%. An improvement on September (+13%), this nevertheless disappointed expectations (+42%)
• Income from fees, commissions and premiums rose (+7%), and growth is expected to gather pace in the quarter ahead (+17%)
• Income from net interest, investment and trading also increased (+10%) with a further rise expected in the next three months (+18%)
• Total operating costs rose rapidly (+32%), while average costs remained stable (-1%). Both total costs and average costs are expected to rise sharply next quarter (+50% and +21% respectively).

Employment:

• 27% of financial services firms said they had increased employment, while 32% said that headcount fell, giving a balance of -5% (with employment having stagnated in the previous quarter, a balance of -1%)
• Numbers employed are expected to remain stable (0%) next quarter.

Investment over the next 12 months:

In the year ahead, financial services firms expect robust increases in spending on IT and marketing, but to cut back on other forms of capital spending:

• IT: +61% (well above the long run average of +32%)
• Marketing: +40% (the highest since June 2015, +58%)
• Vehicles, plant and machinery: -28% (the lowest since March 2015, -38%) 
• Land and buildings: -50% (the lowest since March 2009, -57%)

The main reasons for authorising investment are cited as:

• To increase efficiency/speed (80% of respondents)
• To expand capacity (61%)
• For replacement (45%)

The main factors likely to limit investment are cited as:

• Inadequate net return (71% of respondents)
• Uncertainty about demand or business prospects (45%)
• Shortage of labour, including managerial & supervisory staff (30%).

Business expansion over the next 12 months:

The most significant potential constraints on business growth over the coming year are:

• Level of demand (75% of respondents – the highest since September 2015, 77%)
• Statutory legislation & regulation (72% - the highest since September 2014, +80)
• Competition (59%)
  • 96% of firms see competition coming from within their own sector of financial services
  • 47% see competition coming from new entrants
  • 34% see competition coming from other sectors of financial services.

Challenges to UK’s position as a leading global financial centre:

• Concerns about the impact of Brexit uncertainty on the financial services sector shows no sign of abating. Nine out of ten firms (91%) cited it as the most serious challenge to the UK’s position as a leading global financial centre
• Companies are also concerned that the quality of infrastructure in the UK is lagging behind peers, with 53% ranking the UK’s physical infrastructure within their top three concerns, while a similar share (47%) pointed to the UK’s digital infrastructure. More than a third (37%) of firms listed the UK’s gold-plating of international standards within their top three concerns, with 32% citing the UK’s increasingly complex and unpredictable tax regime, and 26% pointing to increasingly restrictive and costly immigration policies.
• In order for the UK to remain a leading FinTech and innovation centre:
  • 54% of firms want to see steps to attract entrepreneurial, digital and financial talent to the UK’s FinTech sector
  • 52% of companies want to see an acceleration in the digitisation of services
  • 52% of businesses want greater investment in the UK’s broader technology infrastructure.

29 January 2018

Notes to Editors:

The December 2017 Financial Services Survey was conducted between 14^th November and 11^th December 2017. 92 firms replied.

A ‘balance’ is the difference in percentage points between the weighted percentage of firms answering that output is “up” and the percentage answering “down” (for example, if 30% of firms say that output is up, 60% that it is unchanged, and 10% that it is down, the balance statistic is +20pp).