A new, broad measure of ‘energy transition investment’, compiled
by BloombergNEF (BNEF), shows that the world committed a record
$501.3 billion to decarbonization in 2020, beating the previous
year by 9% despite the economic disruption caused by the Covid-19
pandemic.
BNEF’s analysis shows that companies, governments and households
invested $303.5 billion in new renewable energy capacity in 2020,
up 2% on the year, helped by the biggest-ever build-out of solar
projects and a $50 billion surge for offshore wind. They also
spent $139 billion on electric vehicles and associated charging
infrastructure, up 28% and a new record.
Other areas of energy transition investment also showed strength.
Domestic installation of energy-efficient heat pumps came to
$50.8 billion, up 12%, while investment in stationary energy
storage technologies such as batteries was $3.6 billion,[1]
level with 2019 despite falling unit prices. Global investment in
carbon capture and storage (CCS) tripled to $3 billion, and that
in hydrogen was $1.5 billion, down 20% but the second-highest
annual number to date (see Figure 1).
Albert Cheung, head of analysis at BNEF, said: “Our figures show
that the world has reached half a trillion dollars a year in its
investment to decarbonize the energy system. Clean power
generation and electric transport are seeing heavy inflows, but
need to see further increases in spending as costs fall.
Technologies such as electric heat, CCS and hydrogen are only
attracting a fraction of the investment they will need in the
2020s to help bring emissions under control. We need to be
talking about trillions per year if we are to meet climate
goals.”
A geographical split of BNEF’s energy transition investment data
shows that Europe accounted for the biggest slice of global
investment, at $166.2 billion (up 67%), with China at $134.8
billion (down 12%) and the U.S. at $85.3 billion (down 11%).
Europe’s impressive performance was driven by a record year for
electric vehicle sales, and the best year in renewable energy
investment since 2012.
Jon Moore, chief executive of BNEF, said: “The coronavirus
pandemic has held back progress on some projects, but overall
investment in wind and solar has been robust and electric vehicle
sales jumped more than expected. Policy ambition is clearly
rising as more countries and businesses commit to net-zero
targets, and green stimulus programs are starting to make their
presence felt. Some 54% of 2016 emissions are now under some form
of net-zero commitment, up from 34% at the start of last year.
This should drive increasing investment in the coming years.”
A pack of charts illustrating the trends in energy transition
investment discussed above is available via the following
link. The pack also includes slides showing a number of
‘thematic highlights’ of 2020 including low-carbon investment by
oil and gas companies ($12.7 billion in 2020), the 10-fold growth
of clean energy exchange-traded funds in just one year, and the
seemingly inexorable rise of sustainable debt. BNEF’s “10
Predictions for 2021”, are also published today, and can be read
via this
link.
Renewable energy investment
Global investment in renewable energy capacity[1] moved up
2% to $303.5 billion in 2020. This was the second-highest annual
figure ever (after 2017’s $313.3 billion), and the seventh
consecutive total of more than $250 billion. Falling capital
costs enabled record volumes of both solar (132GW) and wind
(73GW) to be installed on the basis of the modest increase in
dollar investment.
Highlights of the renewables investment total included a leap of
56% in financings of offshore wind projects to $50 billion,
including the largest deal ever in that sub-sector – $8.3 billion
for the 2.5GW Dogger Bank project in the U.K. North Sea. The year
also saw the largest single solar park ever funded, the 2GW Al
Dhafrah in the United Arab Emirates, at a cost of $1.1
billion.
Overall, solar capacity investment was up 12% at $148.6 billion,
and wind (onshore and offshore) down 6% at $142.7 billion.
Biomass and waste-to-energy financings were down 3% at $10
billion.
In terms of regions, renewable energy capacity investment in
Europe, at $81.8 billion, up 52%, was its highest since 2012 and
almost caught up with China, at $83.6 billion, down 12%. The U.S.
fell 20% to $49.3 billion, as wind investment almost halved, and
India slipped 36% to $6.2 billion.
Renewables capacity investment rose 10% in Japan to $19.3
billion, 177% in the U.K. to $16.2 billion and 221% in the
Netherlands to $14.3 billion. Spain was up 16% at $10 billion,
Brazil up 23% at $8.7 billion, Vietnam 89% higher at $7.4
billion, France 38% up at $7.3 billion, and Germany 14% up at
$7.1 billion. Other markets seeing $3 billion-plus totals
included Taiwan, Australia, South Korea, Poland, Chile, Turkey
and Sweden.
Public markets and VC/PE
BloombergNEF also continues to track investment by the public
markets and venture capital and private equity players in
renewable energy and the closely related area of energy storage.
In 2020, specialist companies in these areas raised a runaway
record figure of $20 billion via share issues on public markets,
up 249% on the previous year.
The biggest deals included $2.8 billion raised by Chinese battery
maker Contemporary Amperex Technology, or CATL, $846 million from
U.S. fuel cell company Plug Power, and $777 million from Chinese
PV manufacturer JA Solar Technology.
Venture capital and private equity investment in renewables and
storage increased 51% to $5.9 billion last year. Both this, and
investment via the public markets, took place against the
backdrop of buoyant share prices: the WilderHill New Energy
Global Innovation Index, or NEX, which tracks about 100 clean
energy stocks worldwide, rose 142% in 2020 to record levels.
This positive investor mood helped electric vehicle companies
raised some $28 billion from stock market investors in 2020, up
from just $1.6 billion in 2019, according to BNEF estimates. Last
year’s total was seven times the previous record, in 2016.
[1]
Excluding large hydro-electric projects of more than 50MW.
[1]
Excluding pumped hydro systems
