New cases of tuberculosis (TB)
in England have fallen to the lowest levels since records began
in 1960. The new data published by Public Health England
(PHE) comes ahead of
World TB Day on
Sunday March 24 2019.
Following action by PHE, the NHS and others, there was
a 44% drop in new diagnoses from the peak in 2011 to 2018 (from
8,280 to 4,672), with an 8.4% fall in diagnoses between 2017 and
2018 alone.
PHE is working
towards the World Health Organisation (WHO) goal to
halve TB incidence by
2025, and ultimately eliminate the disease.
TB is an infectious
disease that usually affects the lungs. The most common symptoms
of TB are a
persistent cough for more than 3 weeks, unexplained weight loss,
fever and night sweats. Although TB can be fatal if left untreated, it
is curable for the majority with a course of antibiotics.
While huge strides have been made to reduce TB rates, further work needs to be
done to eliminate the disease in England. The most deprived 10%
of the population have a rate of TB more than 7 times higher than the
least deprived 10%, and people born outside the UK have a rate 13
times higher than people born in the UK. People, especially those
from these communities, should be aware of the symptoms and make
sure they visit their GP if they are
concerned.
PHE has played a
key role in driving down the rates of TB in England, working with NHS
England and other partner organisations to implement
the Collaborative tuberculosis
strategy for England: 2015 to 2020.
This includes raising awareness and tackling TB in vulnerable populations, ensuring
patients successfully complete treatment, and strengthening
surveillance of TB rates.
As well as encouraging those with ‘active’ TB infection to seek
treatment, PHE has worked with partners
to implement testing for latent TB in those arriving from countries
with high rates of the disease. A latent TB infection occurs when an individual
is carrying the TB bacteria but doesn’t have any
symptoms. The bacteria can, however, go on to cause disease in
the future.
, Public Health Minister said:
We should be proud that TB rates are now at the lowest
levels ever recorded in this country - a true testament to the
hard work of the NHS and public health staff in this country.
There is still more to do - people in deprived communities are
still disproportionately more likely to contract this disease,
so we must do more to tackle this injustice by raising
awareness and ensuring early diagnosis and treatment.
Dr Sarah Anderson, Head of TB Strategy at Public Health England,
said:
It is hugely encouraging to see a continued decline
in TB cases in
England, which shows that the interventions we are putting in
place are having an impact.
However, TB still
affects nearly 5,000 people a year in the UK and many people
are simply unaware of the symptoms and impact of the disease.
This World TB Day
we are calling for anyone who has possible TBsymptoms, or thinks they may be at risk
of having latent TB, to
speak to their healthcare professional to get diagnosed and
treated as soon as possible, to minimise the chance of
long-term ill health and onward transmission.
Professor Mike Morgan, NHS England’s National Clinical Director
for Respiratory Disease, said:
One of our priorities has been to drive improvements in the
way TB is managed
and it is excellent news that, thanks to the hard work of NHS
staff, rates are now significantly lower. However, we must not
rest on our laurels and with PHE we will continue to
work hard towards the eradication of TB.
The risk factors for tuberculosis include a weakened immune
system, poor quality housing, alcohol and substance misuse, or
time spent in a country with high TB rates.
While cases are declining overall, still more needs to be done to
reach those in under-served populations to ensure they are aware
of symptoms and can access treatment.
