New GP drive to find undiagnosed infected blood patients

All new patients registering at GP practices are to be asked if they had a blood transfusion before 1996, as part of an NHS drive to find undiagnosed patients affected by the contaminated blood scandal.

Each year, around 400,000 people born before 1996 – around half of new sign-ups online – will now be asked if they received a historic blood transfusion, with those who did then being offered a test for Hepatitis C.

Patients will be able to order discreet, self-testing Hepatitis C kits to complete at home, involving an easy finger prick blood sample which is then posted to a lab for analysis – or they can also access testing at GP surgeries, sexual health clinics and other services.

Hepatitis C is a virus that can infect the liver and if left untreated, can sometimes cause serious and potentially life-threatening liver damage over many years.

It often does not have any noticeable symptoms until the liver has already been significantly damaged, meaning many people have the infection without realising it.

Once diagnosed, Hepatitis C can be treated successfully by taking direct-acting antivirals for several weeks, curing more than nine out of 10 patients with Hep C.

The new questions will be first introduced in the online GP registration service from next month (16 June 2025) and follow a recommendation by Sir Brian Langstaff in the Infected Blood Inquiry report, published in May 2024.

NHS England has issued new guidance to GPs on introducing the questions, capturing responses and supporting patients where a blood transfusion and infection risk is indicated.

Only newly registered patients born on or before 31 December 1995 will be asked if they have had a blood transfusion.

The new questions remind patients of likely reasons they may have had a blood transfusion, including after an accident, complication during childbirth, surgery, or other medical treatment.

Rigorous modern safety standards continue to ensure that the NHS blood supply is now among the safest in the world.

Professor Sir Stephen Powis, NHS national medical director, said: “The failures of the contaminated blood scandal have had a horrifying impact for patients and their families for decades, and I would like to reiterate our deepest apologies for the role the health service played in the suffering and loss for so many.

“The NHS is dedicated to implementing the Inquiry's recommendations and this simple change to the GP registration process for patients is a vital step forward in ensuring that nobody affected by contaminated blood is living undiagnosed and unsupported.

“By routinely checking their risk when anyone signs up to a new GP and offering fast Hep C tests where necessary, we will ensure any undiagnosed cases can be found and treated as quickly as possible, while enabling thousands more to receive the reassurance of a negative test.”

Health Minister Ashley Dalton said: “The Infected Blood Scandal is one of the gravest injustices this country has ever seen. The government has been clear nothing of this nature can ever happen again, and we must take tangible action.

“This initiative will see patients asked about their history and given access to the tests they need if they are at risk of Hepatitis C, in line with the recommendations of Sir Brian Langstaff.”

Monica Desai, Head of Hepatitis Section at UKHSA, said: "It's critical that those most at risk of hepatitis C continue to be tested so they can get access to life-saving treatments and clear the virus.

“Testing is free - either via your GP or by ordering a kit online."

Since screening of blood donations was introduced, the risk of getting an infection from a blood transfusion or blood products is very low.

Anyone living in England over the age of 18 can order a free home test for hepatitis C from hepctest.nhs.uk.    

Notes to editors

• There are around 840,000 new online GP registrations each year. Currently, around half (46%) of those applying were born before 1996 with a UK country of birth meaning around 400,000 people will be asked about their risk annually.
• Based on the symptoms of Hepatitis B and HIV, it is almost certain that any patient who contracted these viruses following an infected blood transfusion prior to 1996 will have already been tested, diagnosed and in treatment.
• Since screening of blood donations was introduced, the risk of getting an infection from a blood transfusion or blood products is very low. However, if a new patient indicates they may have had a pre-1996 blood transfusion, have not yet been tested or there are concerns about other possible symptoms or risk factors, GPs may also offer tests for hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV.
• Other risk factors for hepatitis C include previous or current injecting drug use, being in the criminal justice system and being born, or have lived, in a country where the bloodborne disease is endemic.