Mayor of London unveils new plans for further reduction in pollution at schools

• New data reveals diesel cars are the single biggest source of NOx pollution at primary schools
• Since 2016, and before the Covid-19 pandemic, the number of state primary and secondary schools in areas which exceed the legal limit has reduced by 97 per cent - but more work still to do
• Extra support to be provided to schools to tackle pollution, prioritising state primary and secondary schools which still exceed or are near legal limits

The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, has today announced new plans to clean up toxic air at schools in the worst polluted areas of the capital.

Bold measures introduced by the Mayor prior to the Covid-19 pandemic have already cut the number of state schools with illegal levels of pollution by 97 per cent – from 455 schools in 2016 to just 14 in 2019. But the Mayor is determined to continue to work in partnership with the boroughs to do more to tackle poor air quality around schools, which stunts the growth of children’s lungs and worsens chronic illness, such as asthma, lung and heart disease.

New data from the Breathe London air quality monitoring project reveals that almost 40 per cent of the NOx pollution at schools comes from road transport, with diesel cars being the single biggest local contributor to NOx pollution at London primary schools.

Today Sadiq announced a new London Schools Pollution Helpdesk. Starting in the new year, the helpdesk will support schools London-wide to deliver air quality audits and will prioritise the remaining schools in areas of London still exceeding or nearly exceeding legal pollution levels. Audit recommendations for measures to help cut pollution could include closing surrounding roads to traffic at school pick-up and drop-off times, walking and scooting campaigns, adding green infrastructure like green screens and tackling engine idling.

This will build on the Mayor’s successful School and Nursery Air Quality Audits Programme which has delivered audits at 50 schools and 20 nurseries across the capital’s most polluted areas. Global Action Plan will be co-ordinating the Schools Forum developed to support the audit programme in order to share best practice. The charity recently launched the Clean Air Schools Framework that helps any school to work out which air pollution actions are best for them as part of a clean air action plan. It provides guidance and resources to help implement the plan, building on the knowledge from the Mayor’s audit programme and will complement the London Schools Pollution Helpdesk being announced today.

Transport for London has funded 430 new School Streets – where roads surrounding schools are closed to motor traffic at drop-off and pick-up times – across London through its Streetspace plan to help avoid a damaging car-led recovery from coronavirus. Over 300 of these have already been delivered in 23 boroughs across London. The Mayor has also commissioned a study monitoring the air quality benefits at some of these new School Streets.

TfL data from 2018 showed the school run made up a quarter of weekday morning traffic, with the average school journey being less than one kilometre which is around a 10-minute walk. By providing funding for boroughs to introduce more School Streets, it will improve road safety and encourage more families to switch to walking, cycling or scooting – helping improve air quality and reduce congestion. Being physically active also improves pupils’ health and wellbeing, and increases attendance and attainment. 

These new measures, coupled with bold policies including the Ultra Low Emission Zone, cleaner buses and taxis and reduction in construction emissions, will further clean up the air that London’s children breathe.

There are two main air pollutants of concern in London, based on their impact on human health: nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and particulate matter (PM_2.5). Poor air quality stunts the growth of children’s lungs and worsens chronic illness, such as asthma, lung and heart disease. There is also emerging evidence of impacts on mental health and an increased vulnerability to the most severe impacts of COVID-19.

For particulate matter the challenge is even greater still. All schools in London still exceed the World Health Organization guideline for PM_2.5. This is why we need the Government to adopt legally binding targets in the Environment Bill and give London the powers it needs to address sources of particulate matter.

The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, said: “I am doing everything in my power to stop Londoners breathing air so filthy that it damages children’s lungs and causes thousands of premature deaths every year. The Ultra Low Emission Zone has already cut toxic air by a third and led to reductions in roadside nitrogen dioxide that are five times greater than the national average.

“Since 2016, there has been a 97 per cent reduction in the number of schools in areas which exceed the legal limit, and I’m committed to bringing that number down to zero.

“We know there is still more to do. Pollution isn’t just a central London problem, which is why I am committed to expanding the ULEZ next year. I have also consistently demanded that the Government match my ambitions and improve the new Environment Bill to include legally binding WHO recommended limits to be achieved by 2030, and to give cities the powers we need to eradicate air pollution.”

Oliver Lord, Head of policy and campaigns at Environmental Defense Fund Europe said: “The health burden of air pollution is not equal. Whether kids attend school on a main road or in a leafy suburb should not determine the quality of air they breathe, which will affect them for the rest of their lives. Our schools should become a catalyst for safer, quieter and less polluted roads. This means ending the wild west of diesel deliveries, enabling more cycling and expanding the Ultra Low Emission Zone as soon as practically possible.”

Larissa Lockwood, Director of Clean Air at Global Action Plan, said: “Children have the right to breathe clean air. As our Clean Air Day research showed, air pollution doesn’t just affect a child’s health, but can also affect their working memory and hence their ability to learn. To safeguard the future of our children’s health and educational potential we need to work together to take urgent actions, such as School Streets, to eliminate harmful pollutants in and around schools. As co-ordinators of the Mayor’s School and Nursery Air Quality Forum, we will be encouraging London schools to learn more about tackling air pollution from each other and through the Clean Air Schools Framework.

ENDS

Notes to editors

1. More information about the new Breathe London data: https://www.edfeurope.org/news/2020/10/11/new-data-air-pollution-sources-london-schools

1. A list of School Streets schemes that have been delivered by Boroughs as part of the Streetspace for London programme (as of early November) is available here: https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/general/f23c0f13/. This list includes schemes with either timed access restrictions outside of schools or widening of pavements so that parents and school children can safely social-distance.

1. More information about the Mayor’s Schools and Nursery Audits programme is available here: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/pollution-and-air-quality/mayors-school-air-quality-audit-programme

1. More information about the recent improvements in London’s air quality is available here: https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/pollution-and-air-quality/air-quality-london-2016-2020

1. More information about the Clean Air Schools Framework can be found here: https://www.transform-our-world.org/clean-air-for-schools

1. Air pollution data is either modelled or measured. In recent years, evaluation of the number of schools in London which exceed legal limits has been based on Londonwide modelling by King’s College London and Transport for London. This is based on the average concentration of a circle with a radius 150m across the school site. This method was chosen to best reflect children’s exposure throughout the school day. Measurement data from a sensor or diffusion tube provides a concentration value for a single point. Depending on where the sensor or diffusion tube is installed these may return different values to the modelled data, which returns an average.

1. As pollution levels have reduced so significantly, all schools still exceeding are now very close to the legal limit (40 µgm^-3). For some schools listed below, which modelling indicates exceed the legal limit by a small margin, boroughs have provided diffusion tube data for 2019 which is within the legal limit. These are marked with an asterisk and bolded. In addition, the Londonwide modelling does not take into account some local level traffic changes, which may also contribute to differences between measurements and modelling

1. Both modelled and measured air pollution data have an associated uncertainty, and both provide valid results. Both modelled and measurement data will be used when prioritising schools to receive assistance from the new London Schools Pollution Helpdesk.

1. State primary and secondary schools exceeding the legal limit (40 microgrammes per metre cubed) in 2019:

*diffusion tube within legal limit

1. Since 2016 the total number of educational establishments (including universities and private schools) in areas which exceed the legal limit has reduced from 793 to 34, a reduction of 96 per cent

1. Other educational establishment exceeding the legal limit (40 microgrammes per metre cubed) in 2019:

*diffusion tube within legal limit

The audits have made recommendations to reduce emissions and exposure. These vary according to the issues identified but could include:

• moving school entrances and play areas away from busy roads
• 'no engine idling' schemes to reduce emissions from the school run
• reducing emissions from boilers, kitchens and other sources
• local road changes including better road layouts, restricting the most polluting vehicles around schools and pedestrianisation by school entrances
• adding green infrastructure like ‘barrier bushes’ along busy roads and in playgrounds to help filter fumes
• encouraging students to walk and cycle to school along less polluted routes

In addition to introducing the central London ULEZ, since he became Mayor, Sadiq has also:

1. Delivered 12 Low Emission Bus Zones ahead of schedule, cutting bus-related NOx emissions by an average of 90 per cent in the zones
2. Transformed London's taxi fleet by no longer licensing new diesel taxis and reducing the age limit for older, more polluting cabs with more than 3,700 zero emission capable taxis now on the street
3. Launched air quality audits in 50 schools across 23 London boroughs and in 20 nurseries. The audits assessed the air quality in some of the capital’s worst polluted schools and nurseries and have made a series of recommendations to protect pupils. As well as created a toolkit for use by other schools in London and rest of country, helping to fund some of them with other boroughs now implementing their own audits.
4. Almost tripled the amount of protected space for cycling. Through the Mayor’s Streetspace programme we’re now repurposing thousands of square meters of London’s roads to make it easier, and safer, for Londoners to walk and cycle. This includes 430 new School Streets - improving air quality and enabling better social distancing for children and parents on the school run.
5. Overseen a marked increase in electric vehicle charging infrastructure, with TfL having delivered more than 275 rapid charge points. In total London now has 5,000 charge points – 25 per cent of the UK’s total.